Assessment Feedback — Theme B: Democracy at Work

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1 mark awarded: Correctly identifies the voting system.First past the post

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Point identified: You have correctly identified the concept of wasted votes in practice (1 mark).Voting for any political party that is not one of the two major parties like conservatives or labour can be seen as a waste Explanation developed: You have explained why these votes are considered wasted – they are for candidates who do not win the seat (1 mark). as they'll almost never win in this system.

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Advantage 1 identified: Correct. PR systems significantly reduce the number of wasted votes (1 mark).There's no wasted votes Advantage 2 identified: Correct. PR allows smaller parties to gain representation (1 mark)., And smaller political parties have a chance to be elected

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Point identified: Correct term used (1 mark).Due to voter apathy. Explanation developed: Excellent explanation of what voter apathy means in practice (1 mark). This means that voters feel as if their votes wont matter as its only one vote against millions. Impact identified: Correctly identifies the consequence of widespread apathy (1 mark). This leads to a lower voter turnout.

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Shadow cabinet

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Point identified: You have correctly identified the main role of the Shadow Cabinet (1 mark).The role of the shadow cabinet is to scrutinise the work of the government.  This means that they hold the government to account in carrying in their jobs.

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1 mark awarded: The Prime Minister is the head of the Executive branch.the prime minister

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1 mark awarded: Correctly identified a Green Paper as a consultation document with initial ideas.The Green paper is the base or initial ideas for a law 1 mark awarded: Correctly identified a White Paper as a more formal proposal for a new law. and the white paper is the final idea for a law that has been adjusted to make it suitable

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Correct identification of the voting system used in UK General Elections.First past the post

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The elected government doesn't represent the majority. Parties can gain many small constituencys which is a fraction of the population.

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Correct advantage (1). This is a good way of explaining that there are fewer wasted votes.More peoples votes are better reflected in the government. Correct second advantage (1). Smaller parties are better represented. More parties will have a seat in parliament  - share their views

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This identifies a valid point (apathy) and provides an explanation (belief that a vote won't make a difference). This is worth 2 marks (Point + Explanation).Feel as if their vote won't matter anyway.  They don't feel as if there's a party that represents them. Voting hours do not align with their lives ie working

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Opposition

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Point identified (1): The key role is scrutiny.Shadow cabinet scrutinise Explanation (1): This explains how they scrutinise. and question the cabinet, Impact (1): This explains the purpose/impact of their scrutiny. holding them accountable for any decisions made.

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Correct (1). The Cabinet is a key part of the Executive.Cabinet - chief executives who oversee departments.  Back benches who can scrutinise and question front benches.

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Correct (1). This is a clear and specific role of the Chancellor.Oversee the countries budget.

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Correct tax (1).National Insurance Correct tax (1).
V.A.T

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Exchequer

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Correct. This is the precise name of the voting system used in UK General Elections.First past the post

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The voter turnout may be uneven or unaccurate

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Point identified (1 mark). This is a valid reason for abstention, linked to apathy or indifference.Some people choose to abstain from voting as they don't have a specific political opinion  or may not have access to a voting hub

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Correct. While the full title is 'The Official Opposition', this is sufficient to gain the mark.Opposition

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Point identified (1 mark). 'Scrutinise' is the key role of the Shadow Cabinet.The shadow cabinet scrutinize Explanation developed (1 mark). This correctly explains what is being scrutinised. the opinions and decisions of the whole entire cabinet

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One part of the Executive branch is there unable

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It is devolved control Government make there own laws such as  Correct (1 mark). This is accepted as a misspelling of 'Health'.hearth  and  Correct (1 mark). This is accepted as 'Housing', which is a devolved power.house  no agency over defence and war

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Point identified (1 mark). This is a simple but acceptable way of describing Parliament's supreme authority.No one can tell them what to do  their separate.

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voting polls

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This is a partial explanation of what a 'wasted vote' is, suggesting some votes don't count towards the result. (1 mark)One criticism of this system is that they are not accounted for

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This is a vague but creditworthy attempt at explaining one advantage – that the share of seats reflects the share of votes. (1 mark)You get the direct amount of people

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Councillors

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This identifies a valid point (distrust/disagreement with parties) (1 mark) and provides a clear explanation for it (1 mark).They choose to because of the views and the decisions made by parties, which they don't agree with

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House of lords

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a shadow cabinet sits at the govt and they

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to overview parliament

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Point and Explanation identified: You have correctly identified the concept of 'wasted votes' (Point) and explained how this happens in a two-party system (Explanation).If there are only two main parties then voting for any other party means that the vote is basically wasted Impact identified: This is a valid impact, as it describes how the system encourages tactical voting. - thereby forcing people to only vote for either of the two main parties

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Correct point (1/1). This is a valid way of expressing that fewer votes are wasted and outcomes are more representative.1) Everyone's voice is heard. Correct point (1/1). This accurately describes the core principle of PR, which allows smaller parties to gain seats.2) The number of votes you get is how many seats you have.

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1) They physically cannot e.g. a disability that prevents them from going to the ballot box. Point identified (1/1). This correctly identifies voter apathy as a reason for abstention.2) They don't care enough about politics and therefore wouldn't have an idea what any of the parties stand for. 3) They weren't taught well enough to know how to vote effectively and securely.

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Point identified (1/1). This is the primary role of the Shadow Cabinet.To scrutinize the ruling political party. Explanation identified (1/1). This is a good, concise explanation of what scrutiny involves.Checking their policies - proves the ruling party for too much power. To still ensure democracy.

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Mark awarded (1/3). These are all examples of Government Departments, which is one part of the Executive. To get more marks, you needed to name other distinct parts, such as the Prime Minister/Cabinet and the Civil Service.Education
Defence
Agriculture

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Correct (1/1). Agriculture is a devolved power.Agriculture Correct (1/1). Education is a devolved power.Education Correct (1/1). Transport is a devolved power.Transport

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Point identified (1/1). This identifies the core concept of Parliament having supreme authority.Parliamentary sovereignty means Parliament can make or own decisions without need of agreement of outer interference like how someone can't just come in your house and tell you what to do in your house.

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Correct. This is the precise name of the voting system.First past the post

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Point: You have identified that votes can feel 'wasted' (1). Explanation: You have explained that this is because votes for smaller parties often don't lead to representation (1).Elections often fall into a two party system which makes people who didn't vote for the major two partys vote feel wasted.  due to referendums

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Correct.Manifesto

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Opposition Conservative

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Point: This correctly identifies the core role of the Shadow Cabinet, which is to scrutinise and oppose the government (1).Shadow cabinet is the losing party sitting and opposing the cabinets decisions,  only back benches.

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Correct. This clearly explains that a Green Paper is a consultation document (1).Green paper is laws that need to be discussed and adjusted,  white paper is the final law.

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Correct devolved power (1).Education Correct devolved power (1)., Transport Correct devolved power (1)., Health

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Every House works independently, they do not intervene with each other works.

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Chancellor of exchequer.

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Correct. This is the name of the voting system used in UK General Elections.First-past the post

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It can happen that a party receives enough votes that they would have been in government with power instead of voting for who should win one of the two main parties such as conservative or labour

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Correct point. Proportional systems generally result in fewer wasted votes. (1 mark)no wasted votes

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Referendums

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Correct. This is the specific term for the document.manifesto

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one reason is due to distance this is because the polling station may be too far this means that they would be unable to vote

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Judiciary

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This is a good way to describe a Green Paper as a consultation document. (1 mark)Green paper is the first idea  however white paper is the final vote

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lets the public debate what they want

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Correct. This is the precise name of the voting system used in UK General Elections.First past the post

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This is a valid explanation of how votes for losing candidates do not count towards the result. This earns one mark.It is unfair as a certain amount of people could vote someone but the other person who they didn't vote ends up winning

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Correct. This is the specific term for the document.A manifesto.

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The shadow cabinet are MPs from the main opposition party and  This correctly explains that Shadow Ministers check the work of specific government departments, earning one mark."shadow" MPs who head major government departments

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Correct. This identifies the purpose of a Green Paper as a consultation document. (1 mark)A green paper puts forward ideas that  the House of Lords  wants discussed before it develops a policy.

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Correct. This is the precise term.Devolution

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This is a correct part of the definition, explaining the impact of sovereignty. This earns one mark.The principle that parliament can create or abolish laws.

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Secretary of state
chancellor of the exchequer

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Correct. You have accurately identified the voting system by both its acronym and full name.FPTP: First Past the post

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This is a valid advantage of PR, as the share of seats a party wins more closely reflects its share of the vote. This is one mark.The winning vote will represent majority of the public

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Referendum

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This is a valid point. A lack of knowledge or understanding is a recognised reason for voter apathy and abstention. 1 mark awarded.They may not feel educated enough on the purpose of voting or the different political parties.

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Correct. While the full title is 'The Official Opposition', this is close enough to be awarded the mark.The Opposition

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You have correctly identified the key role of the Shadow Cabinet, which is scrutiny. This is a valid point for one mark.The shadow cabinet has the job of questioning the and scrutinising the opposite side.

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- The respect comittee
- House of Lords
- House of Commons

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Correct. This identifies the Green Paper as the first stage, which is a consultation document. (1 mark)The green paper is the initial document that holds the new laws or policies that want to be imposed Correct. This identifies the White Paper as the more formal, later stage which contains firm proposals. (1 mark) while the white paper is the official published version of the green paper.

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Point identified: You have correctly identified the concept of 'wasted votes'.Because of FPTP, a 2-party system is formed (Labour vs conservatives) because people believe votes for smaller parties are "wasted votes",  Explanation developed: You have clearly explained a consequence of the 'wasted vote' theory, which is tactical voting. This is a valid development.they'd rather use their vote to prevent a specific party from getting into power instead of vote for the political party they support.

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Advantage 1: This is a clear and accurate point. It explains the fundamental principle of PR which leads to fairer outcomes and fewer wasted votes.They get the - Number of votes is proportional to seats in parliament -  Advantage 2: This is a distinct and valid advantage, as PR allows smaller parties to gain representation.removes 2 party system -  Everyone's votes are heard & they can choose to vote without being restricted to their constituency.

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Explanation: You have explained a valid reason why someone might feel disillusioned with the political system (the dominance of two parties), which can lead to abstention. This is a developed point.- FPTP system often results in a 2-party system of Labour & conservatives
- Smaller parties cannot grow or gain popularity due to this
 - Not properly seen as democracy due to constant shift of the same 2 parties in power.

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Invite the person who commands the confidence of the House of common's to be PM.

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- Monarchy - conventional/traditional roles such as granting Royal Assent, no actual power
 Correct part of the Executive identified.- PM - selects the cabinet leader of the government
 Correct part of the Executive identified, with good detail.- cabinet - made of secretaries of states, ministers & Junior ministers, focus on different branches e.g. education, health.

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Correct term identified.devolution

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Correct devolved power identified, with a good example.- health & care - power over their hospitals, NHS etc
 Correct devolved power identified, with a good example.- Education - university tuition is free, & their own school curriculum
 Correct devolved power identified. It is good that you corrected your initial thought, as Defence is a reserved power.- ~~Defence~~ Agriculture.

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~~The House of Lords &~~ ~~Scrutiny from shadow cabinet onto cabinet~~

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Impact identified: This is a core principle of parliamentary sovereignty.The House of Common's has the power to create and abolish any law  ~~free of delay by the House of Lords, they~~  Point identified: This is a good way of expressing the idea of supreme authority, which is central to sovereignty.Nobody is above the House of Common's in power  but their power can be checked on and removed through checks & balances & elections.
- If the House of Lord's comes to refuse a law it can even making be made by the House of Common's

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Correct answer, full marks.First Past the Post

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Point: Correctly identified.Wasted votes  lead to a the disfunctional representative system/society.  Explanation: You have correctly explained that wasted votes are those for losing candidates, which can lead to a lack of representation.As wasted votes mean a lack of representation. This may make voters unhappy as other MP's representing other political party can gain the majority of the constituency representing the party in the House of Commons

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Advantage 1: Correct. This is a valid advantage, linked to the principle of fewer wasted votes.- Higher voter turn out as people now believe their votes count Advantage 2: Correct. PR systems allow smaller parties to gain representation that reflects their vote share.
- removes the 2 party system as other parties can gain seats.

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Referendums use porportional representation

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Point: Correctly identified.One reason why people abstain from voting is due to voter apathy  possibly (due to First past the post).  Explanation: Good explanation of why apathy occurs, linking it to the feeling that a vote is wasted under FPTP.People think its worthless to vote as your vote is technically not counted if another party has a higher majority. This shows other people thinks it doesn't matter to vote as your aren't fully represented.

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Point: Correct. This is the primary role of the Shadow Cabinet.The role of the shadow cabinet is to scrutinize the party in power. Explanation: A good explanation of what scrutiny involves in practice. For example, this means asking questions and looking in depth to in to laws proposed.  This leads to being involved into laws so they have a voice and represent their constituency.

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Correct: You have accurately described a Green Paper as a consultation document.A green paper sets out the ideas and isn't fully complete Correct: You have correctly identified the White Paper as the more formal proposal that comes after the consultation stage. whereas the white paper is what is introduced to the House of commons after being approved

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Correct answer, full marks.Select Committees

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Point: A reasonable definition of the concept, identifying Parliament's ultimate control over law.Parliamentary sovereignty is being able to have control over to the country's laws. Explanation: Correct. This is the key power that a sovereign parliament holds. For example, making laws and overturning laws  so a better society is made. This leads to more democratic state.

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Correct. This is the precise name of the voting system used in UK General Elections.First past the post

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This identifies the impact of wasted votes (voter apathy), but does not explain what a wasted vote is. 1 mark awarded for the impact.It makes a country less democratic, it means people do not feel their vote means less of a variety meaning people don't really have an impact in a country

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It allows each constituency to have it be leaded by the party they had the most votes of Correct. This is a key advantage of PR systems. 1 mark awarded. also reduces the amount of wasted votes

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This is a good explanation of why people might feel their vote is pointless, which leads to apathy. 1 mark for explanation.The current voting system FPTP stops people from voting other parties as they're most likely wont be able to win  so they either vote the most popular ones close to their values or  This correctly identifies the point of apathy. 1 mark for the point.some arent engaged to have any interest in voting

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This is a good explanation of how Shadow Ministers mirror government departments. 1 mark for explanation.They're also like specialist of the cabinet duties This correctly identifies the key role of scrutiny. 1 mark for the point. that scrutinize the current cabinet This explains the impact of their scrutiny - to provide an alternative and hold the government to account. 1 mark for impact. so decisions arent one sided

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They accept the new thing (law) that was made dissolving parliament

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There's an executive judiciary who can add some changes to the law when they see fit, Correct. The Cabinet is a key part of the Executive. 1 mark. there's the cabinet This is a good description of Government Departments, which are part of the Executive. 1 mark. also with differente chancellors of different sectors such as education, healthcare.

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They have backbenchers which scrutinize their work

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That there's a House of Commons and Lords Correct. This is a key part of the definition of parliamentary sovereignty. 1 mark awarded.
The principle that parliament can create and abolish a law 
The people can also suggest laws and vote (referendum)

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Often the two-party system in FPTP in the UK leads to  Impact Identified: This correctly identifies voter apathy as a consequence, which is worth one mark.apathetic voters  that randomly allocate votes to parties that don't represent their views. This creates a non-represented elected government as the party with the most votes isn't necessarily reflective of general public consensus.

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Mark awarded (1/2): This is a clear way of expressing the concept of 'fewer wasted votes'.- Allows every one person's vote to be represented more than in FPTP Mark awarded (2/2): This correctly identifies that smaller parties are more likely to gain representation.
- Less popular parties gain seats, allowing them to have a voice that can be heard.

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The two party system of the FPTP voting system generally makes it to where the popular parties that may align with some voters' view do not ever gain seats as they are beaten by other candidates with a majority. This generates  Point Identified: This correctly identifies apathy as a reason for abstaining.voter apathy , as they  Explanation Developed: This explains why apathy occurs – a belief that their vote won't count or make a difference.feel as if their votes may not be represented  if they choose the conservatives or labour, so  Impact Identified: This clearly states the outcome, which is abstention from voting (low turnout).they won't vote.

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They ask whether the leader can form a government.

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Mark awarded (1/3): The Prime Minister is the head of the Executive.- PM Mark awarded (2/3): The Cabinet is a key part of the Executive.
- Cabinet members (Department leaders) 
- Shadow Cabinet

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Correct. 'Devolution' is the precise term required.Devolution of powers

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Mark awarded (1/3): Correct, transport is a devolved power.- Transports Mark awarded (2/3): Correct, education is a devolved power.
- Education Mark awarded (3/3): Correct, agriculture is a devolved power.
- Agriculture and farming

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Correct. This is a valid way Parliament checks the work of the government. Only the first answer is marked when more than one is provided.- PMQs 
- Select Committees

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Point Identified: This is a clear definition of parliamentary sovereignty, meaning it has supreme legal authority.- Parliament is the highest law-making power in the UK Impact Identified: This correctly states the key power that results from sovereignty.
- They can abolish or make laws  and  Explanation Developed: This explains that no other body, such as a court, can overrule Parliament's laws.no other organisation or constitution can do the same or override them. 
- However, judicial review can only change interpretation of law in the High Court not the actual law itself.
- No other nation can force laws on the UK as Parliament is sovereign.

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Correct answer identified (1/1).first past the post

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It not as a accurate as we would want it to be

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Correct answer identified (1/1).manifesto

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Shadow Cabinet

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Point: A correct role is identified (1/3).Scrutine the government  and to hold them to account

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Explanation Mark (1/1): You have clearly explained how votes for losing candidates do not count towards the final result, using a good numerical example.First past the post, if one candidate gets 40% of votes, and another gets 25%, and another gets 35%, the first candidate with 40% of votes wins even though the other 60% did not.  People view this as unfair,  Point Mark (1/1): You have correctly identified the criticism of 'wasted votes'."wasted votes"

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- Directly expresses the voter choice
-  Mark Awarded (1/1): This is a valid advantage. It is the logical consequence of having fewer wasted votes.Higher voter turnout as people believe their vote will be counted.

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Point Mark (1/1): This correctly identifies apathy as a reason for not voting, linking it to a specific demographic.Some people may not vote due to their age, for example younger adults are not intrested in politics Explanation Mark (1/1): This develops the point by explaining that people believe voting will not change anything. and see no point in voting,  due to their lack of understanding their rights.

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Shadow Cabinet

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Point Mark (1/1): You have correctly identified the core role of scrutiny.To criticise and scrutinise the cabinet, Explanation Mark (1/1): This is a good explanation of what scrutiny involves, using a relevant example of checking departmental budgets. ensures the seeing if the cabinet are doing a good job, for example, if the budgets are going towards nessacary projects.

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Its a ceremonial custom, where the monarch opens parliament.

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Marks Awarded (2/2): The Prime Minister and the Cabinet are both correct parts of the Executive branch.- Prime minister
- Cabinet
-  Shadow cabinet

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Mark Awarded (1/1): This is a correct answer. The minor spelling error is overlooked as the meaning is clear.Select Comitees

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Point Mark (1/1): This is a clear statement of Parliament's supreme legal authority.Parliamentary Sovereignty means only the UK Parliament decides what laws to pass or carry out. Explanation Mark (1/1): This is a good, topical example that explains what parliamentary supremacy means in practice. For example, The European union can not tell UK Parliament what law to pass as we are Parliamentary Sovereignty  this means we keep all the power.

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The Parties

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voting by hand

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people think its a joke and  Mark awarded for identifying the impact. This is a valid description of voter apathy, which is a consequence of wasted votes.dont care who they vote for.

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newspapers

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to be backups

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Mark awarded. This is a reasonable, if informal, way of describing a consultation document where public input is invited.Green papers allows you to come to them  and white papers doesn't

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The transfer of power

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a lot.

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They ask

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the sovereignty of parliament

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the government department

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Correct. This is the precise name of the voting system.First Past the Post

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Mark awarded for Explanation. This is a clear explanation of what a 'wasted vote' is, as it describes a vote for a losing candidate.People will vote for a party that will never be popular enough to secure an electoral victory.  This means they have to strategically vote for the biggest party that is most ideologically similar.  Mark awarded for Impact. This is a valid impact of wasted votes, as it leads to a lack of representation for those who voted for smaller, losing parties.This means their views won't be represented

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Correct.a manifesto

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The opposition

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They are the opposition's equivalent of the ruling cabinet where senior members  Mark awarded for Point. You have correctly identified scrutiny as a key role.scrutinise  their shadow counterparts.  They are typically appointed as cabinet ministers if their party wins a general election

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Mark awarded. This correctly identifies a Green Paper as a consultation document containing initial ideas.A Green paper contains all the ideas of a law without detail Mark awarded. This correctly identifies a White Paper as a firm proposal ready for Parliament. and a white paper contains the laws that will be put through parliament readings.

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Correct.devolution

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Correct devolved power (1).Education ,  Correct devolved power (2).Transportation  and  Correct devolved power (3).Healthcare

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They do this by creating  Correct. This is a key method of scrutiny.select committees  to scrutinise their work

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Mark awarded for Point. This correctly identifies the core principle of Parliament's supreme legal authority.It means that Parliament is the only legitimate place laws can be made  and thus should be independent.  Mark awarded for Explanation. This is a valid explanatory point, showing that a sovereign parliament is not bound by external legal bodies.It stresses independence from foreign law & such as those passed in the EU Parliament  to give the House of Parliament ultimate control over lawmaking

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Correct. This is the full, formal name for the department.His/Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs

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Correct. This is a key advantage of PR systems and matches the mark scheme. (1 mark)There are fewer wasted votes  which means  Correct. This is the second key advantage identified in the mark scheme. (1 mark)smaller parties have more of a chance.  Votes are fairer and more representative

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Proportional representation? Direct democracy? Proportional representation

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The shadow cabinet

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Point: You have correctly identified the core role of scrutiny. (1 mark)The shadow cabinet sits opposite the cabinet and scrutinises them. Explanation: This develops the point of scrutiny by explaining what it involves. (1 mark) This questioning allows the ensures that the government in power is in fact playing their role in parliament Impact: This correctly identifies the impact or purpose of this scrutiny. (1 mark) and that the government can be held accountable.

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The monarch invites the prime minister and his or hers party into parliament.

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The executive is a branch in parliament that implements laws. They also enforce laws.  Correct. You have identified one distinct part of the Executive. (1 mark)The executive is led by the Prime minister and Cabinet Ministers.

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Correct. This is a clear and accurate definition of a Green Paper. (1 mark)A green paper is a government consultation document published by the government which seeks public views and expert opinions Correct. This is a clear and accurate definition of a White Paper, highlighting the difference. (1 mark) whilst a white paper has firm policy proposals and detailed plans for legislation and action.

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Point/Impact: This correctly identifies the purpose of the stage - to check the bill for issues. (1 mark)The committee stage is important is important as it scrutinises the bill and points out any possible issues with it Explanation: This correctly explains a key activity that happens during this stage. (1 mark) and amendments are proposed to improve the bill

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The shadow cabinet sits opposite the main cabinet and government ministers, and they scrutinise their work

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Point: This is a correct definition of the principle. (1 mark)Parliamentary Sovereignty is the principal that Parliament is the supreme legal authority in the UK, Impact: This correctly identifies the key power that results from sovereignty. (1 mark) with power to change or make any law  without limits.

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Correct. This is the precise name of the voting system.First past the post

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