Feedback Focussing on Evaluation — 15 Marker: The UK government has a duty to control immigration, even if this means turning away people who genuinely need help." How far do you agree?

Model Answer (Exemplar)

Evaluation Score: 15/15

Word Count: ~350 words (400–450 words are typical for a strong 15-mark response — aim for breadth and depth on both sides)

Strong, measured opening — immediately states a clear position that disagrees to a large extent, setting up an evaluative tone.I disagree to a large extent with the statement. While a government has a fundamental duty to manage its borders, turning away those who genuinely need help violates both international law and our moral obligations. Introduces specific legal knowledge. Naming the 1951 UN Refugee Convention and ECHR shows excellent subject knowledge.A primary reason against the statement is the UK's legal commitments. The UK is a signatory to the 1951 UN Refugee Convention and the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). This means the government has a legal duty of 'non-refoulement' – not returning people to countries where their lives or freedom are threatened. Therefore, turning away genuine asylum seekers is not just morally questionable, it breaches international law. Evaluates the legal point by acknowledging the practical difficulty of implementation, showing balanced reasoning.However, it is true that processing these claims efficiently is highly complex and costly, leading to significant backlogs and tension in the current system. Develops the moral and practical argument regarding human trafficking. Shows understanding of current events (small boats).Furthermore, turning away vulnerable people without providing sufficient safe and legal asylum routes forces them to rely on human trafficking gangs. Desperate people fleeing war will continue to make dangerous journeys, such as crossing the English Channel in small boats. Fulfilling our duty to help genuine refugees by providing safe routes would undermine these criminal networks. Uses a strong evaluative transition to acknowledge the opposing viewpoint fairly.Despite this humanitarian perspective, one must acknowledge the practical pressures placed on the state. Engages directly with the FOR side — economic strain and democratic mandate. This ensures the answer is fully two-sided.There is a strong argument that a government is elected primarily to protect and serve its own citizens. High levels of uncontrolled migration can put significant strain on local public services, including the NHS, social housing, and schools. Furthermore, no country has infinite resources; managing immigration is essential to maintain social cohesion and ensure the economy can absorb new arrivals. Some argue that strict policies are necessary to deter illegal economic migrants from abusing the asylum system and taking resources away from the local population. Clear, well-substantiated conclusion. Weighs the two sides and delivers a final judgement based on the distinction between border control and refugee protection.In conclusion, I disagree with the statement. The UK government certainly has a duty to control immigration and prevent illegal entry; however, this must not come at the expense of those who genuinely need help. Border security and compassion are not mutually exclusive. The UK can, and legally must, operate a managed immigration system while still fulfilling its international obligations to provide a safe haven for those fleeing persecution.

Why this answer earned 15/15 (Level 4):

Convincing, sustained analysis of viewpoints on both sides — FOR and AGAINST arguments developed in equal depth.
Arguments evaluated and critiqued throughout — limitations acknowledged (e.g., the strain on public services and backlogs).
Specific, accurate evidence deployed: 1951 UN Refugee Convention, ECHR, non-refoulement, public service strain, and safe legal routes.
A clear, nuanced, well-substantiated overall judgement — separates the concept of general immigration control from abandoning asylum seekers.

📋 The Question & Indicative Content

Q03 — Paper 1 | Section 3.6 The UK's role in the rest of the world — 15 marks

"The UK government has a duty to control immigration, even if this means turning away people who genuinely need help."

How far do you agree with this view?
Give reasons for your opinion, showing that you have considered different views on the topic.
In your answer, you could consider: the UK's international obligations (e.g., human rights); the impact of immigration on public services and the economy; and the role of the government in representing its citizens.

📌 Indicative Content — arguments you could have used

These are not the only valid points — any well-reasoned argument is creditworthy.

✅ Arguments FOR the statement (control borders even if turning people away)

National sovereignty: A state must have control over its borders to maintain security and national identity.
Public services: High levels of immigration can place unsustainable pressure on housing, schools, and the NHS.
Democratic mandate: The government is elected to serve its own citizens first and must enact the policies voters demand, which often include stricter border controls.
Deterrence: Strict border policies discourage human trafficking and dangerous illegal crossings (e.g., small boats in the Channel).
Finite resources: No country has unlimited capacity; it is practically impossible to take in everyone who genuinely needs help worldwide without facing economic consequences.

❌ Arguments AGAINST the statement (do not turn away those in genuine need)

International Law: The UK is a signatory to the 1951 UN Refugee Convention and the ECHR, creating a legal duty to protect refugees (non-refoulement).
Moral responsibility: As a wealthy, developed nation, the UK has a humanitarian duty to protect those fleeing war, persecution, and torture.
Safe routes: Turning people away without offering safe and legal routes pushes vulnerable people into the hands of criminal smuggling gangs.
Economic benefits: Migrants and refugees often fill crucial labor shortages, pay taxes, and contribute positively to economic growth.
Global burden sharing: The vast majority of the world's refugees are hosted by poorer, developing nations; the UK should take its fair share of the global responsibility.

📊 Mark Scheme Level Descriptors

Level	Marks	What it looks like
4	12–15	Convincing and sustained analysis of both sides. Reasoned, coherent arguments showing good breadth and depth. A well-substantiated overall judgement.
3	8–11	Analysis of both sides evident but unsustained. Reasoned arguments present. A judgement given, although may not be fully evidenced.
2	4–7	Some analysis but focused mainly on one side. Some reasoning and coherence. A judgement given with limited substantiation.
1	1–3	Simple/generalised answer. Little analysis. Undeveloped, lacking reasoned arguments. Judgement missing or asserted without support.
0	0	No rewardable material.

Candidate 12906

Word Count: ~439 words

One may disagree with this point as the UK is in multiple alliances and alliances such as NATO, the UN or the commonwealth. All of these alliances are built on trust between the nations, so not letting refugees from those countries have shelter in the UK breaches the alliance's trust, if the refugees are from an allied nation. The UK is also influenced by the refugee convention of 1951, that obligates the UK to protect those fleeing persecution. The UK is also a country that upholds human rights, and one of the human rights is the right to shelter. The turning away of people who genuinely need help is a direct violation of their human rights, which goes against the UK's values and principles. The UK has a long history of protecting and sheltering people fleeing conflicts and persecution. Migration does however strengthen the economic aspect of the UK, as there is a bigger workforce which is good for businesses and employers. The rise in population of different races will also boost and enrich culture in Britain as people with similar values will integrate with each other, forming stronger community cohesion. The UK also follows the rule of law, and that no one is over or under it, so it would be troublesome to not allow migrants into the UK. However, the UK does have a duty to control it's own immigration, as it's parliament is sovereign, meaning that the only thing influencing it is the UK itself. This means that the UK has the right to do what is right for the nation, so for example turning away refugees, as they would put pressure on the UK's public services, such as schools or hospitals due to the sudden increase in population, as places like those will need an increase in staff. Migration does however strengthen the economic aspect of the UK, as the UK will have a bigger workforce, meaning that more people are able to work, which is good for businesses and employers. The rise of migrants in the UK will also fuel racial discrimination, as when a new race is increasing in the UK, it can lead to a weaker community cohesion due to people disregarding others. The fact that the UK is a democracy also plays a part in whether it should or should not accept migrants, as because the UK is a democracy, it has a duty to respond to public concern, whether it is through petitions, media or voting. So if enough people are in favour of accepting the immigrants, the UK would have to, as a key component of democracy is the need to listen to citizens. There are also other Accepting refugees from other countries also strengthens international relations, which can be useful to the UK. as it can expand trade as well as strengthen alliances such as NATO or the UN. The countries in the UN or NATO are also obliged to take care of the allied countries citizens.

Strengths

Good Use of Key Concepts: You correctly identify and use important Citizenship concepts like the 1951 Refugee Convention, parliamentary sovereignty, and the rule of law to build your arguments.
Balanced Argument: You have successfully argued both for and against the statement, which is essential for a 'how far do you agree' question. You consider both the government's duty to its citizens and its international obligations.

Targets

Develop a Clear Structure: Your arguments are sometimes mixed up. Plan your essay with clear paragraphs for each side of the debate (e.g., one 'for' paragraph, one 'against' paragraph) to create a more logical and persuasive argument.
Avoid Repetition: You state that migration puts pressure on public services and provides a bigger workforce multiple times. Try to make a point once, but develop it with specific evidence or examples to give it more depth.
Add a Substantiated Judgement: To reach the top marks, you must include a conclusion that weighs up the arguments. Which side is more convincing and why? For example, you could conclude: 'On balance, while the UK has a sovereign right to control its borders, its legal obligations under international law are more compelling...' and then explain your reasoning.
Use Specific Evidence: To strengthen your points, add specific evidence. Instead of just saying "human rights", you could name the Human Rights Act 1998. Instead of "alliances", you could refer to specific articles of a treaty.

Candidate 14235

Word Count: ~270 words

Strengths

Clear Argument Structure: You begin with a clear judgement ("I agree with this statement...") and then provide several points to support it. This makes your argument easy to follow.
Focus on Public Services: You effectively identified and explained the potential strain on key public services like the NHS, housing, and schools, which is a core argument in this debate.
Distinguishing Migrant Types: You attempted to make a thoughtful distinction between different types of migration (e.g., for work vs. illegal immigration), showing you are thinking critically about the question's complexity.

Targets

Develop Both Sides Equally: Your essay is very one-sided. To reach the higher levels, you must explore the arguments *against* the statement in detail. Why does the UK have a duty to help people? Mention specific laws like the Human Rights Act 1998 or international agreements like the 1951 UN Refugee Convention.
Use Specific Terminology: Incorporate key citizenship terms to make your points more precise. Instead of the "morally right thing," you could discuss "humanitarian obligations" or "international law."
Substantiate Your Judgement: Your final judgement should be a conclusion that weighs up the arguments you have presented. For example: "On balance, while the strain on public services is a valid concern, the UK's legal duties under the Refugee Convention mean it cannot simply turn away everyone in need. Therefore, I only partially agree..."
Avoid Generalisations: The link between immigration and crime is a complex point. Avoid making simple statements like it causes an "increase in crime rate." Instead, frame it more cautiously, for example, "There are public concerns that a lack of control could lead to a rise in crime..." This shows more nuanced evaluation.

Candidate 18720

Word Count: ~308 words

Strengths

Good Structure: You have structured your answer well, presenting arguments against the statement first, then arguments for it, before attempting a conclusion. This two-sided approach is essential for a high-level response.
Use of Legal Frameworks: You correctly identified and used the 1951 Refugee Convention to support your argument. Linking your points to specific laws or conventions is an excellent skill.
Range of Arguments: You included a good range of arguments, covering legal duties (1951 Convention), economic impacts (taxes), and democratic principles (responding to public concern). This shows a good breadth of knowledge.

Targets

Develop Your Conclusion: Your conclusion was confused and did not weigh up the arguments you had already made. A good conclusion should summarise the key conflict (e.g., public service pressure vs. legal duty) and explain why you believe one side is stronger, using the evidence you've already discussed.
Clarify Economic Arguments: Some of your economic points were unclear. For example, you claimed high employment is bad. Be precise: when discussing pressures, focus on specific things like demand for housing or school places, rather than making complex claims about inflation that are hard to prove.
Use Key Terms Accurately: Ensure you understand the key terms you are using. For example, 'high employment' means most people who want a job have one, which is an economic positive. Your conclusion seemed to misunderstand this term. Clearly defining and using terms correctly will make your arguments more powerful.

Candidate 19678

Word Count: ~346 words

If we consider the fact that Many individuals move to the UK for better living standards and opportunities we may feel against the fact that the UK government should turn away people who genuinely need the support. Firstly, we could argue that one of the most valid reasons to immigrate to a country is to do with either war affairs or natural disasters as many citizens flee from their home countries to escape terrible factors taking place in their country. However every individual has a right to saftey turning away people who genuinely need help not only limits their saftey but also undermines the fact that they might feel safe anywhere and they may loose their morale on finding a place to stay. For example during the Ukraine and Russia war many Ukrainians fled to the UK to feel safe, many UK citizens also took them in as their own and provided shelter and provisions for them. Them leaving their country in terms on finding a safe saftey was quiet an easy process for them as they were based in the UK Europe. Alternatively we could consider why the government might turn people down even if they genuinely need help and we may link this to the cost of living crisis. The country is getting far more expensive as taxes are rising, housing is limited and there are bad factors of immigration and many state that there they must put a stop to immigration as prices for goods and services are rising to an extent, and way too much people living in an area could cause an even worser crisis and raise taxes even more. However immigration would be good for economy as more vacancies are offered to people with different expertise. Immigration does't only raise cost of living crisis it also brings a community with people from different backgrounds together. From this we may think that immigration has its pros and actually affects us in many ways from the food we eat to the music we listen to. Ultimately, every "Refugee" has the right to seek for asylum. However asylum seekers claim for "asylum" has not yet been given to them and therefore I believe that the UK government should turn down people that claim has been gone on for about 8 months due to the fact that their issue may not have been life-threatening. and the government controlling immigration could disgracefully harm the people that really need it and I think that the government

Strengths

Balanced Structure: You successfully argued both for controlling immigration and for helping those in need. This two-sided approach is essential for a "How far do you agree?" essay.
Use of Examples: Your use of the war in Ukraine was a relevant and effective way to support your argument about the UK's role in providing safety for people fleeing conflict.

Targets

Use Specific Evidence: To make your arguments more convincing, name specific laws like the 1951 UN Refugee Convention or the Human Rights Act 1998. This provides factual weight to your points.
Develop Your Points: Instead of just stating that immigration puts a strain on services, explain *how*. For example, you could mention specific pressures on NHS waiting lists, the demand for school places, or the housing market.
Clarify Your Judgement: Your final conclusion was a little confusing. Ensure your final judgement clearly states your overall opinion and weighs up the two sides you have discussed. Explain which side you think is stronger and why.
Refine Terminology: Be precise with key terms. For example, learn the difference between an 'asylum seeker' (someone waiting for a decision) and a 'refugee' (someone whose claim has been approved).

Candidate 20791

Word Count: ~389 words

On one hand, one could agree with this statement with the argument that immigration is causing the UK's population to grow rapidly, putting pressure on departments such as housing, healthcare and education. This will only negatively affect British society as public sector workers are put under excessive stress due to increasingly higher demand. This can lead to strikes, worker shortages and a decrease in service quality. Additionally, an increase in population will put a significant demand on housing, ultimately leading to increased rates of homelessness which denies people of their right to shelter, or more green spaces being eradicated and urbanised in order to build more houses to cater to this growing population. Overall, all of these issues can be prevented entirely by controlling immigration and slowing the rapid population growth in the UK. Whilst this is a strong point, it only recognises the harm immigration brings and not the benefits. For example, immigration can bring economic migrants to the UK, benefitting the workforce and providing more workers, putting less stress on public institutions rather than more. However, on the other hand, there are a multitude of arguments against this statement. Such as the fact that the UK has obligations to asylum seekers and refugees as it is a signatory to the Refugee Convention 1951. This means that, although it may be in some British people's interest to slow an increasing population, in terms of the UK's duties, it must provide refuge for people fleeing their country. Additionally, from a moral point of view, turning away people trying to seek refuge is not only apathetic to the situation they may be in, but is also denying them of their Human Rights. The Human Rights Act 1998 states that everyone should have a right to shelter; denying asylum seekers and refugees will fully prevent them from doing so. Overall, people fleeing a country to escape war and persecution have no right to be denied entry to a country they believe to be safe. Whilst this is another good point, it only acknowledges the struggles of migrants, and not the people in the UK which will be affected by many migrants entering their country. In conclusion, I disagree with this statement due to Human Rights and moral duties of this country.

Strengths

Balanced Structure: Your essay is well-organised, with distinct paragraphs for each side of the argument. This makes your reasoning clear and easy to follow.
Clear Judgement: You state your final position clearly in the conclusion and effectively link it back to the arguments you made about human rights and moral duties.
Use of Evaluative Language: You consistently use phrases like "Whilst this is a strong point, it only recognises..." which shows you are attempting to weigh up the arguments, a key skill for AO3.

Targets

Add Specific Legal Detail: You name the Refugee Convention 1951 and HRA 1998, which is great. To improve, add specific details. For the Refugee Convention, mention the principle of 'non-refoulement'. For the HRA, cite a specific article, like Article 3 (freedom from torture or inhuman treatment).
Develop Arguments with Evidence: Your points are logical, but they would be stronger with evidence. For example, when discussing pressure on public services, you could mention a statistic about housing shortages. When discussing refugees, you could name a country people are fleeing from (e.g., Afghanistan, Syria).
Refine Evaluative Language: Your evaluation is a bit formulaic ("this point is good but only considers X"). Try to vary your language and directly compare the *weight* of the arguments, e.g., "Although the strain on public services is a significant concern, it is arguably outweighed by the UK's legally binding international duties..."
Grammar and Precision: Watch out for small repetition errors (e.g., "affect affect"). Using more precise terminology, like "public services" instead of "departments", can also make your arguments sound more academic.

Candidate 20896

Word Count: ~493 words

I think that I disagree with the statement that the UK has the right and a duty to control immigration even if it means turning away people who genuinely need help because asylum seekers right in international human rights. For example, most people seek asylum in the UK in order to escape one of 3 things. Persecution, Attempted or suspected protection or tyrannical leadership in a nation. This can be seen with people fleeing countries like Iraq in order to escape it's dictatorship or Gaza in order to escape it's conflict. Many nations face horrible standards of living due to things like conflict, poverty, racism, even slavery also like the children in Gaza who lack shelter and food because so much of the given supplies have been bombed. Restricting the international law people have the right to seek asylum in nearby nations or refugee camps until claims are passed. Turning the most vulnerable people away isn't fair when we get thousands of economic migrants from the common wealth joining the UK each year. Just because the UK has a positive net migration rate doesn't mean we should turn away those who need it most. In the early mid 2010's a case took place where the rough seven children's parents after multiple long the British citizen of the UK were threatened to be deported by the immigration services. An investigation took place in government symbolism the cost of the wife of the department of immigration. There were many suggestions taken to help resolve the issue such as compensation and support but also the idea that the immigration has to let the peoples claims to the nation also some people were deported. Overall I think this is an example point as deporting not allowing the people in danger to migrate to the UK. Statistically speaking we are experiencing a lot of economic migrants migrate to the UK to need and job vacancies to this day. On the other hand many argue and agree with the point saying that the UK has the right to control immigration even if it means turning away those who genuinely need help as it is facing the economy being's printing. The UK has a positive net migration rate meaning drastically more people join us than leave every single year. This has an effect on various areas of UK life. For example housing. Every single year more and more houses are being built to house migrants the nation of Also through education as the government has to find the education for the millions of migrants yearly through public taxes. This causes a large problem with government spending as many argue that migrants benefit more than they actually give to the economy. This means governments have to re-organise the budget more evenly given different sectors so less cash will be spent on very important things like the NHS. The UK has a heavy immigration policy that makes it much harder to settle in the UK. And in this year reform has made it nearly even to the British government's decision. This will heavily affect how the UK is seen. Overall there is a decent point as it demonstrates how migration affects the UK as a whole but doesn't acknowledge how migrants benefit the UK. Finally I disagree with the statement overall by saying that because of peoples human rights. According to the universal declaration of human rights we all have the eligibility to the right to freedom of movement. This means people have the right to travel and move where ever they want across the border. People who suffer due to environmental or political reasons deserve to go to a more nation to escape to. This is a good point as it highlights people deserve to have rights and freedom wherever they want and this is especially true to prevent persecution.

Strengths

Clear Structure: You have structured your essay well, dedicating separate paragraphs to the arguments for and against the statement before reaching a final conclusion. This two-sided approach is crucial for AO3.
Human Rights Focus: Your argument is consistently grounded in the principles of human rights. Referencing the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the right to seek asylum provides a strong ethical and legal foundation for your disagreement with the statement.
Evaluative Language: You use some good evaluative language, especially at the end of your second paragraph ('demonstrates how migration affects the UK... but doesn't acknowledge how migrants benefit'). This shows you are thinking critically about the points you are making.

Targets

Use Specific and Accurate Evidence: Your example of a deportation case in the 2010s was very unclear. To improve, research and use precise examples, such as the 2023 Supreme Court ruling on the Rwanda plan or the Windrush scandal, to make your points more convincing and credible.
Develop Chains of Reasoning: In your 'for' paragraph, you link immigration to pressure on the NHS. To develop this, explain *how*: "Increased population can lead to longer waiting times and greater demand for services, which some argue requires more government funding that could be sourced from taxes paid by a larger working population." This adds depth.
Incorporate Key Terminology: Elevate your response by using precise Citizenship terminology. Instead of just 'international law', refer to the '1951 UN Refugee Convention' or the principle of 'non-refoulement'. This demonstrates a more expert understanding.
Refine Clarity and Expression: Some sentences are difficult to understand (e.g., "the economy being's printing"). Proofread your work carefully to ensure your points are expressed clearly. Reading your sentences aloud can help you spot awkward phrasing.

Candidate 21687

Word Count: ~343 words

Though you can strongly argue with this statement I disagree as migration is not necessarily a bad thing as these migrations are split in different sets and have their own benefit. For example economic migration benefits the UK as it fills a spot for jobs that other UK citizens couldn't normally do. In contrast, economic migration has led to more strain on housing and a range of prices. However though this migration is to a large benefit to the UK as it helps employees get more employees it can not only also reduce pay in jobs as it could mean there's more workers to pay but though get the UK here would be large growth population. as even though some migrants come temporarily for jobs, some may come as asylum seekers and refugees which are almost forced UK to accommodate for them due to the Geneva convention. even though they are temporary Though migration leads to a growth of population. Some may argue that this growth comes culturally impact which can benefit the UK as it creates diversity and brings a range of new elements in our day to day life. Furthermore I absolutely strongly agree with the statement as it states the "government has a duty to control immigration even if it means turning away people who genuinely need help". This I disagree with as the EU convention of human rights states everyone has the freedom of movement in different countries and by saying you would turn them away turn them away could be breaking the law. In addition the international law protects from refugees and asylum seekers protected and the UK must comply with. Hence even though this the some people may argue that the government is sovereign which means they don't necessarily have to comply with the rights and send them away. But however you can also argue that even though migration brings a lot of disadvantages, it was migration that helped the british empire during the Elizabethan era as the land of the world helped bring new cultures and economies, furthermore migration also led to the things like the common wealth. In addition this migration has helped in the development in the development in the In conclusion I disagree with the statement as with the statement as it is vital to help the the the country vote then discusses it, also the to UN I believe believe migration should be guarded in the UK.

Strengths

Balanced Argument: You have successfully identified arguments for both sides of the debate, such as the strain on housing (for control) and the UK's duties under international law (against turning people away). This is essential for a high-level answer.
Use of Concepts: You have tried to support your points by referring to important legal and political ideas like the Geneva Convention, the ECHR, and government sovereignty. This shows you understand the context of the issue.

Targets

Clear and Consistent Argument: Your argument becomes confused, for example when you write 'I absolutely strongly agree with the statement' and then immediately disagree. Plan your paragraphs so each one has a clear point, and ensure your overall judgement is consistent throughout.
Develop Points with Specifics: Instead of just naming a law like the 'Geneva Convention', explain a key principle from it. For example, you could mention the principle of 'non-refoulement', which means a country cannot send a refugee back to a place where they are in danger.
Structure with PEE Paragraphs: Use the Point, Evidence, Explain (PEE) structure to build stronger paragraphs. Start with your point (e.g., 'Uncontrolled immigration can strain public services'), provide evidence (e.g., 'such as housing and the NHS'), and then explain the impact (e.g., 'This means the government has a duty to control numbers to protect the welfare of existing citizens').
Write a Clear, Evaluative Conclusion: Your conclusion was grammatically unclear. A strong conclusion should briefly summarise both sides and then state your final, justified judgement, weighing up which side is stronger and why.

Candidate 21769

Word Count: ~345 words

the Although this is a complex statement, with both many advantages and disadvantages, I mainly disagree with this statement. This is because it tackles not only a political aspect of things but also a moral and economical one. Firstly, I disagree with the statement because I believe the UK has a duty as one of the members of the UN, to help out people from all around the world and ensure that their human rights are being met. This is through things like the 20th century refugee convention stating that the UK has a duty to help and accept valid asylum seekers and refugees in need of real help. on the other hand, someone may argue that there's no good in helping others at the detriment of our own country. For example, an excessive population can lead to overcrowding and poor living conditions for all citizens, which is not worth helping foreign people for. However, immigration is often beneficial to countries like the UK. People migrate here with strong skills and can close gaps in the workspace, especially seeing that the UK has an aging population, more people to further support the workforce would be beneficial. That being said, overpopulation can also lead to a strain on important services, increasing demand and competition for healthcare, education and housing, which are all important services that people should have the right to. On the other hand, arguing about competition is a poor point as the total taxes paid by immigrants surpasses the money spent, making immigration profitable and therefore bene-ficial to the UK. This means more people can actually be a stren-gth for the country. To counter this, a democratic government should echo the needs of the people and seeing as immigration is a reserved power it is important that people's wants are catered to, especially for a party to be voted back in. In conclusion, although people argue against immigration for a variety of reasons, I disagree because I believe it is unfair to strip people of a good quality of life that can be provi-ded for them. Aside from the moral aspect of it, the refugee convention also means that those in real need should be helped and assisted. Despite the said issues that come with immigration, such as overcrowding and strained services, the least we can do as a wealthy country is help others - it truly does more good than harm.

Strengths

Consistent Evaluation: You consistently use evaluative language (e.g., 'on the other hand', 'However', 'That being said') to weigh up both sides of the argument, which is essential for a high-level response.
Clear & Supported Judgement: Your overall opinion is stated clearly in the introduction and conclusion and is well-supported by the arguments you make throughout your essay.
Use of Key Concepts: You effectively use some specific knowledge, such as the UN Refugee Convention and the UK's aging population, to support your points and show your understanding.

Targets

Develop Legal Knowledge: To reach the top marks, name specific laws and conventions. For example, you could have mentioned the Human Rights Act 1998 (especially Article 3) or the 1951 Refugee Convention by its full name.
Incorporate Recent Events: Strengthen your arguments by referring to contemporary examples. Mentioning the UK government's Rwanda deportation plan and the Supreme Court's 2023 ruling that it was unlawful would have added significant depth.
Refine Terminology: Be precise with your political terms. You mentioned immigration is a 'reserved power', which relates to devolution. The correct concept here is parliamentary sovereignty or a government's democratic mandate to control national policy.

Candidate 21770

Word Count: ~328 words

[Marginalia] What would have an effect on the citizens of the I believe the UK should government should prioritise its own citizens over immigrants, however if countries are involved in a war then we should help them and have a duty to, as being a 6th relatively powerful nation. One reason I agree that we the government has a duty to control immigration is because their may be a strong strain on public services like NHS or the education system and by allowing more people in would cause immense pressure. For example with the cost living crisis, housing prices have increased making harder for people to buy homes what could increase homelessness. now if we added more people into the mix the price would increase even more, making people born and raised in the country homeless which isn't fair. However with services like the NHS or education they may help as they could add to those jobs making the country richer. One reason I disagree is with the statement is because the UK can immigrants could help the country in more physical labour aspects as many immigrant to have less subjects for example between 2000 about 10 years ago in the EU around 9,000 polish people came to britian and get jobs in construction also, this doesn't mean means that the country can run better as bad british people raised in britian try go for higher paying jobs that allow them to make more, however this causes the more manual labour jobs to be forgotten about what will cause a lack of development. One reason why I agree is because it may be in a parties manefesto to bring down immigration of to the UK this would mean that they are almost forced to control immigration as they have stated they would and if they don't they will most likely won't get voted again. However that doesn't mean if a country needs help you shouldn't help especially if the UK have have made a promise to help asylum seekers. For example during the UKraine and Russian war we took in thousands of UKrains to protect them for the war and bombing In conclusion I disagree agree to an extent but we should always helps those in need as it's morally right

Strengths

Balanced Structure: You have clearly structured your answer to consider arguments both for and against the statement, which is essential for a "how far do you agree" question.
Use of Examples: You effectively used contemporary examples like the war in Ukraine and historical examples like Polish migration to support your points and make them more concrete.
Within-Paragraph Evaluation: You often use words like "however" to challenge your own points within a paragraph. This shows you are thinking critically and analytically about the complexity of the issue.

Targets

Develop Your Conclusion: Your conclusion was contradictory ("disagree agree"). A strong conclusion must weigh up the arguments you've made and come to a clear, justified final judgement that answers the question directly.
Incorporate Specific Evidence: To reach the top marks, you need more precise evidence. Instead of just mentioning "a promise to help asylum seekers," you could name the specific law, like the 1951 UN Refugee Convention or the Human Rights Act 1998.
Refine Your Language: Some phrases like "bad british people" are too informal and unclear. Aim for precise, academic language (e.g., "This can create a labour shortage in manual roles as the domestic workforce may seek higher-paying opportunities.").
Explain Concepts Fully: When you mention a "strain on public services," explain *how* this happens in more detail. For example, you could link it to government budgets, longer NHS waiting times, or larger classroom sizes to make your analysis deeper.

Candidate 4134

Word Count: ~74 words

Strengths

Clear Judgement: You begin by stating your overall opinion ("I more agree... than disagree"). This is a crucial skill for a 'How far do you agree?' question and provides a clear focus for your argument.
Recognises Complexity: By mentioning the need for a "good balance," you show an awareness that this is not a simple issue with an easy answer. This is the foundation of good evaluative writing.

Targets

Use Specific Evidence: Your points are too general. To move up the levels, you must support each argument with specific evidence. Name a relevant law (e.g., the 1951 UN Refugee Convention), a government policy (e.g., the Rwanda deportation plan), or a key concept (e.g., 'non-refoulement').
Develop Your Arguments (PEEL): Don't just state a point like "manage the population and services." You need to Explain *how* and *why* immigration might affect services, and link this back to the question. Using the PEEL (Point, Evidence, Explain, Link) structure will help you build detailed paragraphs.
Structure for Both Sides: To score above Level 2, you must write in detail about *both* sides of the argument before reaching your conclusion. A good structure is: an introduction, a paragraph FOR the statement, a paragraph AGAINST the statement, and then your conclusion.
Formal Academic Language: Aim to use more formal language. For example, instead of "not to an harsh of an extent," you could write "not to such a harsh extent" or "without implementing excessively harsh measures."

Candidate 4280

Word Count: ~384 words

on the one hand I partially disagree with this argument this is because the uk have helped many refugees in the past and if you are a GSSal refugee you have reason to flee from your country of origin. The refugee convention 1951 allows refugees to seek asylum and deserve to be helped by countries like the uk regardless of any strain on the country. This point somewhat loses credibility as it overlooks the fact that refugees must seek asylum in the closest safe country. Some refugees ignore this and come to countries such as the uk to improve their standard of living so the uk isnt obliged to help them this aligns with the beliefs of the political party reform uk. On the other hand many would agree with this. This is because of net migration if more people are coming to the uk compared to those that are leaving there will be greater demand on things such as healthcare, education and housing which can decrease budget spending on particular sectors which need it. Also the job market is becoming tougher due to the economic state so why invite more people in when it will increase the percen-tage of unemployment in the uk. However what isnt mentioned is that asylum seekers are keen to work and fill not only shortages but take the jobs which people dont want such as fruit picking. They can also help pay tax and may have different experiences. Contrastingly, some may disagree because economic migrants are invited to join the country to take jobs like teaching. It is also the UK's duty to look out for people. For example if someone who is gay seeks asylum bec-ause their place of origin wishes to kill them they must protect the person's right to live as the human rights act applies to everybody. However inviting more people may threaten British citizens ability to get a job but some could argue further that if a British citizen was keen on getting a job they would get any job available for the time being. Lastly, allowing asylum seekers into the uk means that we will no longer have an ageing population which could be a problem in the future. This is because if more younger people are working when older people retire the economy will continue to grow. After considering both sides of this argument I disagree more with this statement as the refugee convention protects refugees and also they help pay tax and fill gaps in the UK.

Strengths

Balanced Argument: You have successfully explored arguments both for and against the statement, which is essential for a "how far do you agree" question.
Use of Legal Frameworks: Your specific references to the 1951 Refugee Convention and the Human Rights Act demonstrate strong subject knowledge and provide a solid foundation for your arguments.
Sustained Evaluation: You consistently use evaluative language (e.g., 'however', 'contrastingly', 'loses credibility') to weigh up the different sides of the debate, which is a high-level skill.

Targets

Develop with Specific Evidence: To make your points more convincing, try to include specific evidence. For example, when discussing strain on services, you could mention a statistic about net migration. When discussing refugees, you could name a country people are fleeing from (e.g., Afghanistan, Syria).
Precise Terminology: Your point about seeking asylum in the "closest safe country" is a common one, but it's not a strict rule in the 1951 Convention itself. It relates more to EU agreements like the (now defunct for the UK) Dublin Regulation. Being more precise with these details will elevate your analysis.
Clearer Paragraphing: Some of your paragraphs contain multiple points and counter-points. Try to dedicate each paragraph to one main idea (using a P.E.E.L structure: Point, Evidence, Explain, Link) to make your argument even clearer and more logical.
Define Key Terms: You use terms like 'net migration' and 'economic migrants'. Briefly defining what these mean as you introduce them can demonstrate a deeper level of understanding to the examiner.

Candidate 4404

Word Count: ~180 words

Strengths

Clear Judgement: You state your own opinion clearly ("I disagree with the statement"), which is essential for a 'how far do you agree' question.
Two-Sided Argument: You have successfully presented arguments for your own view (disagreeing) and also considered the opposing viewpoint (agreeing), which is crucial for moving beyond a basic answer.
Differentiating Migrants: You correctly identified that there are different types of migrants, such as 'economic migrants', 'asylum seekers', and 'refugees', showing good foundational knowledge.

Targets

Use Specific Evidence: Your points are good ideas but need evidence. For example, when you mention refugees, you could refer to the 1951 UN Refugee Convention, which the UK has signed. This adds legal weight to your argument.
Develop Your Analysis: Move from stating a point to explaining its impact. For instance, instead of just saying migrants "contribute well to the economy," explain how: "Economic migrants often fill labour shortages in key sectors like the NHS or agriculture, paying taxes that fund public services."
Structure for Clarity: While not penalised, starting with your main arguments and building towards a conclusion at the end can make your essay easier to follow. A typical structure is: Introduction -> Argument 1 -> Argument 2 -> Conclusion with judgement.
Incorporate Key Terminology: To reach the higher levels, use precise citizenship terms. For example, when discussing the government's duty, you could mention concepts like parliamentary sovereignty or the legal principle of non-refoulement.

Candidate 4434

Word Count: ~228 words

Strengths

Balanced Structure: You successfully argued both for and against the statement, dedicating a clear paragraph to each perspective. This is essential for a 'how far do you agree' question.
Use of Evaluative Language: You included words like "However" and "Overall" to introduce counter-arguments and make mini-judgements. This is the foundation of good evaluative writing.
Relevant Core Arguments: You correctly identified the key tensions in the debate: the strain on public services versus the UK's humanitarian duties to people fleeing conflict.

Targets

Incorporate Specific Evidence: Your points are valid but general. To improve, name specific laws or treaties. For example, when discussing the duty to help refugees, you could mention the 1951 UN Refugee Convention.
Develop Your Points: Add depth by explaining the 'how' and 'why'. Instead of just listing "pressure on schools, hospitals and housing," briefly explain *how* this pressure occurs (e.g., longer waiting lists, larger class sizes).
Use Subject-Specific Terminology: Elevate your vocabulary with key Citizenship terms. For instance, instead of "turning away people who need help," you could discuss the legal principle of 'non-refoulement'.
Strengthen Your Judgement: Your answer doesn't have a final concluding paragraph. A strong conclusion should briefly summarise both sides and then explain *why* you find one argument more persuasive than the other, leading to a clear, justified position.

Candidate 4510

Word Count: ~391 words

This topic has been a continuing debate. While it is true that immigration can potentially damage our economy due to increased demand on public services, it can be argued that this potential negative is outweighed by the various benefits cultural and economic benefits of migration and UK's moral obligation to accept all migrants. On one hand this statement is true because immigration can severely disrupt the provision of public services. For example, positive net migration can result in increased demand on public services. This would lead to increased strain on schools and hospitals. In addition, migrants can take up a large proportion of government tax revenue on benefits. As a result, we have the government has less money to spend on other sectors such as defence or healthcare (the opportunity cost). However it has been shown that most migrants pay back more in taxes than they use in benefits, which slightly weakens this argument. Furthermore, even if it is our duty to control the govern-ents duty to control immigration, they should prioritise maintaining our sense of cultural and religious identity. For example, statistics show that from the 2000 to 2010 census there was a 5% decrease in the number of people identifying as white and a 12% decrease in number of people identifying as muslim. This shows that the government has to turn away migrants because it is necessary that we preserve our sense of religious and cultural identity. On the other hand, the this statem-ent is false because no matter the potential negatives of immigration, the UK government is obligated to take in people who genuinely need help. For example they are law-bound by both the UDHR (1948) and the HRA (1998) to respect individuals rights to life. Furthermore, many economic migrants come here to improve their quality of life and may feel like they are at risk of death or starvation and need a stable job to generate enough income to make ends meet. In addition, the UK is both a member of the Commonwealth and UN and a core principle of these organisations is upholding human rights. Therefore it would be seen as improper to disrespect the ideals. However, the UK has to government has to control population sizes and our parliament can government can choose to limit net migration if it means avoiding over population. Ultimately, while it is true that the UK government is somewhat morally obligated to accept all migrants, it is often necessary to turn away migrants if it means protecting our shared sense of national identity, the economy or our culture. Therefore, I agree with this view to a large extent.

Strengths

Balanced Argument: You have successfully structured your essay to consider both sides of the debate, which is essential for reaching the higher levels.
Use of Legal Frameworks: You correctly identified and used legal documents like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the Human Rights Act (HRA) to support your arguments.
Clear Judgement: Your conclusion provides a clear and justified judgement ('I agree... to a large extent'), directly answering the question and weighing the arguments you presented.

Targets

Evidence Accuracy: Your use of census statistics was inaccurate. The 2001-2011 census showed a significant *increase* in those identifying as Muslim. Always double-check your evidence to ensure your arguments are built on solid foundations.
Precise Terminology: Be careful to distinguish between different types of migrants. The law treats 'asylum seekers' and 'refugees' (who fear persecution) differently from 'economic migrants' (who seek a better quality of life). Using these terms precisely will make your legal arguments much stronger.
Develop Your Points: Some of your points could be developed further. For example, when you mention the strain on public services, you could add a counter-argument about the economic contributions migrants make (e.g., filling key worker roles in the NHS) to show deeper analysis.
Broaden Legal Knowledge: To improve, try to include more specific legal concepts. Mentioning the 1951 UN Refugee Convention and the principle of 'non-refoulement' would have significantly strengthened your argument about the UK's obligations.

Candidate 4511

Word Count: ~691 words

I disagree with the statement that the UK government has a duty to control immigration even if it means turning away people who genuinely need help. I disagree with this statement because many immigrants bring good advantages to the UK on the economy and other areas too. Immigrants fill in the gap we have here when it comes to certain important qualifications like doctors, lawyers and many others. They help boost our economy in ways we couldn't before in tax and rent. Immigrants also enhance our culture and expands our diversity. This attracts more tourism and more income. The Government should not turn away people who genuinely need help as many refugees have forced out of their country due to war conflicts and unstable jobs there. Asylum seekers leave their country because they have the fear of being persecuted, the UK government should welcome them and not turn them away as they are also people looking for a safe place to be. Countries of the EU that migrate to the UK must be welcomed as EU members must abide by this law. The British Nationality Act of 1948 allowed migration to the UK. However some people may disagree with this as they believe that immigration is taking over. Immigration overpopulates the UK, as they take the opportunity of jobs from many people and the chances of housing for others as well. It is difficult to provide healthcare for all those who migrate to the UK. The rates of pay may reduce if there is too many, this also may cause tension on pressure groups too. Overall I disagree that the UK government has a duty to control immigration as immigration helps boost our economy and enhance our culture. pg1 Although some might agree with this statement I partially agree with this statement as immigration immigrants from other countries can benefit the UK positively due to the fact that skilled workers can come from other places to work here which would boost the UK's GDP per capita. Also the UK has a long history of welcoming those fleeing war and in desperate need of a place to stay and managing from these would now could only have negative impacts on the UK such as loss of diversity, weakening the sense of belonging and community for some people in the country. Not only this but also it would be a missed opportunity for the UK to turn away those who are in need because the migrants would be ready to contribute to society then they would receive in their use of the public services such as the NHS and the police force. On the other hand someone might agree with a statement because pg2 it would create some pressure on the government for said public services to accomodate these migrants. This is a good point because some migrants may have a family with young children who would need to be educated under the Education Act as well as they might also need medicine if they are unwell all costing more money to supply as there migrants are coming into the country. Another point is that once they arrive, for a period of time they will be out of work and need to receive benefits until they can find a job to afford necessities and pay the bills in their houses. Not only this but this would have been pressure on the government to even build these houses in the first place to accomodate to the constant influx of migrants into the country. However, the refugee convention of 1951 obliges the UK to protect those fleeing persecution in their homelands. It could almost be seen as 'immoral' for the pg3 UK not to accept asylum seekers in desperate need of safety. Another notable point is that if more migrants are brought into the country it can diversify community giving a sense of belonging and togetherness. Overall, after considering various points, I'm inclined to disagree with the statement as migration is beneficial to the UK and produces a strong, more diverse community across the UK with a skilled workforce alongside it.

Strengths

Excellent Use of Evidence: You effectively used specific legal frameworks like the 1951 Refugee Convention and the Education Act to make your arguments more credible and detailed. This is a key skill for achieving high marks.
Well-Balanced Argument: You successfully explored both sides of the debate. You clearly explained the arguments for controlling immigration (e.g., pressure on public services) and the arguments for helping those in need (e.g., economic and cultural benefits).
Clear and Consistent Judgement: Your personal viewpoint was stated clearly at the beginning and was supported by your arguments, leading to a logical and well-reasoned conclusion at the end.

Targets

Improve Essay Structure: Your essay felt like it was written in two parts, with some points from the first half being repeated in the second. Before writing, create a simple plan (e.g., Para 1: Economic impacts, Para 2: Social/Cultural impacts, Para 3: Legal duties) to ensure a more logical flow and avoid repetition.
Develop Points with More Depth: Some of your points are stated as facts without full explanation. For example, when you say immigrants "boost our economy in tax and rent," develop this by explaining *how*: "By working, migrants pay income tax and National Insurance, contributing to the funding of public services. They also pay rent to landlords and spend money in local shops, stimulating the economy."
Use More Precise Terminology: To sound more like an expert, use more specific citizenship terms. For example, instead of just saying the government has a duty to control borders, you could mention the concept of 'parliamentary sovereignty', which is the principle that Parliament is the supreme legal authority in the UK and can create any law on immigration it chooses.
Strengthen Counter-Arguments: When discussing the 'agree' side, you could make it even stronger by explaining the difference between an 'asylum seeker' and an 'economic migrant', as this distinction is central to government policy and public debate.

Candidate 4571

Word Count: ~319 words

Strengths

Balanced Argument: You successfully explored arguments on both sides of the debate (humanitarian duties vs. pressure on services). This is essential for a "How far do you agree?" question.
Use of Evidence: You correctly identified and used a key piece of international law, the 1951 Refugee Convention, to provide a strong foundation for your main argument.
Clear Structure: Your answer is well-organised with a clear introduction stating your view, paragraphs for each side of the argument, and a conclusion. This makes your reasoning easy to follow.

Targets

Develop Your Points: Your arguments are valid but need more detail to be convincing. For example, when discussing pressure on services, you could mention specific issues like NHS waiting lists or the need for more school places to make your point more concrete.
Use Specific Terminology: To elevate your analysis, incorporate more precise Citizenship vocabulary. For instance, instead of "wrong to not let them stay," you could use the legal principle of 'non-refoulement' from the Refugee Convention.
Strengthen Your Conclusion: Your conclusion currently restates your opinion. To make it truly evaluative, you must *weigh* the arguments. Explain *why* the legal and moral duties are more significant than the concerns about public services, showing the examiner your thought process.
Refine Economic Arguments: Your point about jobs was slightly unclear. A stronger way to explain the economic benefit would be to state that refugees can fill crucial labour shortages in sectors like the NHS and social care, thereby boosting the economy and contributing taxes.

Candidate 62978

Word Count: ~310 words

Strengths

Clear Structure: You have structured your answer well, presenting the case against the statement, then the case for it, before finishing with a conclusion. This makes your argument easy to follow.
Stated a Judgement: You made your own opinion clear at the start ("I disagree to an extent") and at the end. This is crucial for a 'how far do you agree' question.
Good Subject Knowledge: You correctly defined an 'asylum seeker' as someone with a 'well-founded fear of being persecuted', showing you understand key concepts for this topic.

Targets

Develop with Specific Evidence: Your points are often general (e.g., "human rights"). To reach a higher level, you must support them with specific evidence. Name the 1951 UN Refugee Convention or the Human Rights Act 1998 to make your arguments more authoritative.
Use Precise Terminology: Avoid unclear phrases like "increase in commonwealth". Instead, use specific Citizenship terms like "strain on public services", "impact on community cohesion", or "economic costs". This makes your analysis sharper.
Explain Arguments Fully: The point about jobs was confused. First, explain the argument for control ("Some fear that immigration drives down wages or takes jobs from UK citizens"). Then, you can evaluate it with a counter-point ("However, others argue migrants often fill vital labour shortages, for example in the NHS").
Write a 'Weighing-Up' Conclusion: Your conclusion restated your view. A top-level conclusion weighs both sides. For example: "While concerns about the strain on housing are valid, the UK's legal and moral duties under the Refugee Convention mean it cannot turn away those in genuine need. Therefore, humanitarian obligations must take priority."

Candidate 68791

Word Count: ~294 words

Strengths

Clear Judgement: You state your opinion clearly at the start and end of your answer. This provides a clear structure to your argument.
Use of Examples: You have supported your points with relevant examples, such as migrants working as doctors and nurses in the NHS, which makes your argument more concrete and persuasive.
Focus on Rights: You correctly identify that human rights are a key part of this debate, and you mention the need to protect people fleeing war and persecution.

Targets

Analyse Both Sides: Your entire answer only argues one side of the debate. To move beyond Level 2, you *must* also explain the reasons *for* controlling immigration (e.g., pressure on public services, national security, a democratic mandate to control borders).
Develop Your Points: Some of your points are brief. When you mention human rights, try to name a specific law or convention, like the Human Rights Act 1998 or the 1951 Refugee Convention, to add depth and evidence.
Substantiate Your Judgement: Your conclusion just repeats your points. A strong conclusion should weigh up the two sides you have discussed and explain *why* one side is stronger than the other. For instance, "On balance, while managing public services is important, the UK's legal duty to protect refugees is a more significant obligation."
Use Precise Terminology: Instead of "bad feedbacks against immigration," you could use terms like "damage to the UK's international reputation." Similarly, use specific terms like "asylum seekers" or "refugees" for people fleeing war.

Candidate 78410

Word Count: ~215 words

Strengths

Clear Stance: You establish a very clear and consistent argument against the statement from the first sentence and maintain it throughout.
Use of Concepts: You effectively bring in ideas like the 'Cosmopolitan approach' and historical examples (the Windrush generation) to support your points.
Direct Evaluation: You showed strong evaluative skill by taking the phrase "duty to control" from the question and re-framing it to support your argument about protecting essential services.

Targets

Develop a Two-Sided Argument: Your top priority is to analyse the other side. To get beyond Level 2, you *must* explore the reasons why a government has a duty to control immigration (e.g., strain on public services, national security, a democratic mandate).
Use Specific Legal Frameworks: Strengthen your points by naming specific laws. Instead of "international obligations," refer to the '1951 UN Refugee Convention' or the 'Human Rights Act 1998' to add authority to your argument.
Refine Sentence Structure: Some sentences were confusing (e.g., "this did more harm than good" seemed to contradict your point). Read your work aloud to catch errors and ensure your meaning is perfectly clear.
Build a Balanced Judgement: A top-level judgement needs to weigh up both sides before concluding. For example: "Although controlling borders is important for [reason X], the UK's humanitarian duties are more compelling because [reason Y]."

Candidate 78910

Word Count: ~381 words

Candidate number: 7 8 9 1 0 Pg 1 'The UK government has a duty to control immigration, even if it means turning away people who genuinely need help.' How far do you agree? (15 marks) Give reasons for your opinion, showing you have considered other points of view. In your answer, you could consider: • the economic, social and cultural impact of migration on the UK • the rights of asylum seekers and refugees under international law This is a very complex statement that is at the heart of one of the UK's biggest predicaments. Turning away people that require help would reflect the Government supporting a communitarian ideology, however my discretion leads me to counter this statement with a cosmopolitan because human rights are universal and not restricted. Turning away people who need genuine help would go against UK's political obligations and universal expectations. National sovereignty should not battle with human rights. Based on this communitarian prompt, many people would highlight the fact that increased immigration will continuously mount profound pressure on public services like the NHS and the price of housing would skyrocket. This would result in the progression of the cost of living crisis which will do more harm than good. In order to protect the borders, the government must act on a utilitarian basis in order to protect the greater good. The government should be obliged to recognise state realism and protect the borders. If a government fails to do this, they lose legitimacy from their in the eyes of their electorate which breaks the bonds of citizens and leaders. Many people around the world are suffering from different sorts types of crisis. If we allowed it Candidate number: 7 8 9 1 0 Pg 2 asylum seekers in, it would result in the breakdown of the NHS. The education sector would now have to cater for more people. Unemployment will skyrocket as a result of more competition and quality of life will severely deplete. In terms of housing, demand would superseed supply and not only housing prices will go up but so will the taxes. There are so many reasons why a utilitarian logic is the saving grace for our situation Now while there are an endless amount of reasons why we should control immigration regardless any situation, those reasons are effortlessly countered by so many factors that almost legally oblige our government to encourage immigration. The 1951 Refugee convention obliges non-refoulment by the UK government. Asylum seekers cannot be turned back. If UK government were to do this it would be highly unconstitutional and would cause lost trust in the eyes of the electorate. That party may not be voted back in as the electorate sees that their party is simply abiding by UK values. On top of that the UK is a country who has signed the UDHR should uphold Article 2 (right to life) and Article 3 (freedom from torture). Turning away asylum seekers who need genuine help would not only reflect moral failure but also legal breach. The UK government

Strengths

Excellent Use of Key Concepts: You confidently use sophisticated terminology like 'communitarian', 'cosmopolitan', and 'utilitarianism' to frame your arguments. This demonstrates a strong theoretical understanding of the topic.
Specific Legal Knowledge: Your reference to the 1951 Refugee Convention, the principle of 'non-refoulement', and specific articles of the UDHR is excellent. This provides strong, factual evidence for your 'disagree' argument.
Clear Structure and Judgement: You establish a clear line of argument from the start and structure your essay to address both sides of the debate. This evaluative structure is key to a high-level response.

Targets

Develop Arguments with Evidence: Your points about pressure on public services are valid but could be stronger. Instead of using strong but general words like 'skyrocket' or 'breakdown', try to link your claims to specific (even if general) evidence, e.g., '...can lead to increased waiting times in the NHS' or '...can put pressure on housing stock in certain areas'.
Write a Concluding Paragraph: Your essay ends abruptly. To reach the top marks (Level 4), you must have a conclusion that weighs up both sides of the argument and explains *why* you believe one side is stronger than the other, justifying your final judgement.
Complete Your Thoughts: The sentence 'If we allowed it' on the first page is incomplete. Always re-read your work to ensure every sentence is finished and makes a clear point. This helps maintain the flow and strength of your argument.
Refine Phrasing for Precision: Some sentences could be clearer. For example, '...the electorate sees that their party is simply abiding by UK values' seems to contradict your point. A clearer phrasing might be: '...as the electorate may feel the party is failing to uphold the UK's humanitarian values'.

Candidate 79168

Word Count: ~180 words

Strengths

Identifies Both Sides: You have correctly identified that there are two sides to this argument, mentioning both the pressures immigration can place on public services and the UK's duty to help refugees.
Uses Some Evidence: You have included some specific evidence, such as the 2022 net migration figure and mentioning the 1951 Refugee Convention, which are key parts of this debate.

Targets

Develop Your Points (PEEL): Your points are often stated as single sentences (e.g., "puts under pressure jobs"). To improve, use the PEEL structure: Point (make your argument), Explain (explain what you mean), Evidence (use a fact or law), and Link (link it back to the question).
Improve Structure: The arguments for and against are mixed together, which makes your essay hard to follow. Try structuring your answer with clear paragraphs: one or two for arguments FOR the statement, one or two for arguments AGAINST, and then a conclusion.
Create a Consistent Judgement: Your essay starts by saying you agree but ends by saying you disagree. You must have a clear and consistent line of argument. Decide your final position and make sure your introduction and conclusion match.
Use Key Terminology Correctly: You mention the 1951 Refugee Convention, which is great. To get higher marks, explain its key principle, such as 'non-refoulement' (the duty not to return a refugee to a country where they face serious threats to their life or freedom).

Candidate 81692

Word Count: ~152 words

Strengths

Clear Initial Stance: You begin your answer with a direct judgement ("I disagree with this statement..."), which is a great way to show the examiner you are focused on the question.
Two-Sided Argument: You have correctly identified that this question requires you to look at both sides. You discussed a benefit of immigration (economic) and a reason for controlling it (overpopulation/security), which is essential for moving beyond the lowest marks.

Targets

Use Specific Evidence: Your points are too general. Instead of "some may even be doctors," you could mention the significant contribution of migrant workers to the NHS. For the other side, refer to specific government policies like the Rwanda plan or legal duties like the 1951 UN Refugee Convention.
Develop Your Analysis: Explain your points in more detail. *How* do migrant workers "bring the work rate up"? This could be linked to filling skills gaps or paying taxes. *Why* do some people feel the UK is "overpopulated"? Link this to ideas about strain on public services like schools and housing.
Strengthen Your Judgement: Your final sentence is a weak assertion. A strong judgement needs to weigh up the two sides you have presented. For example: "Although controlling immigration is important for managing public services, this is outweighed by the UK's legal duty under the Human Rights Act to protect people from harm."
Avoid Hypothetical Examples: The reference to a "riot in the summer of 2024" is not a real event and weakens your argument. Use real-world examples, such as debates around the use of hotels for asylum seekers or legal challenges to government policies.

Candidate 86291

Word Count: ~400 words

I agree a lot with the point because even if the government must act according their manifest promises and public service, but migrants do often help society and the economy. For starters the UK government does have a duty to control immigration, because too many people coming into the country can put avoidable pressure on public services like the NHS. The public services have to deal with even more demand than they can possibly service as many people or do it to the same standard. Workers may get burned out, go on all the walk, go on strike potentially, and delay the effectiveness of the public service even more. Excess migration in the UK puts a strain on government services which as a knock on effect, makes the experience even worse for other people. If the government wants to avoid backlash such as extending NHS wait times or police response times, they should regulate who can come into the country. However, many immigrants offer services to society and the economy. For example, after the end of WWII, many Commonwealth immigrants came to the UK looking for a new life and to help rebuild the country. Many of these people were doctors, architects, teachers and people wanting to find a beneficial job in general. They helped rebuild the country's infrastructure, ensuring they and future generations had better lives. If the government had turned them away, the UK would've been definetely far worse off. In the 21st century, many people looking to live in the UK still offer valuable services to the country. For the government to turn them away would be detrimental. Despite concerns from some citizens that many potential immigrants are bad for the country, the UK government must ensure that they let people who would benefit the country and not put too much pressure on services. However, the government must also respond to public opinion. If a lot of people believe that immigration is negative for the UK, if the party in power wants to stay in power, they must address the concern and potentially make a compromise. If citizens deeply care, they may form a pressure group focused on immigration and pressure the government to change legislation around the issue. It worked with Brexit. It could work considering the UK Independence Party won a noticible part of the 2015 general election and got their referendum done by the government. Could work for any issue. The government to remain transparent and democratic, must listen to the public no issues if concerns are raised a lot. All in all, even though many migrants may have skills beneficial to the UK, the government must regulate the borders in order to ensure pressure on public services isn't exacerbated too much and that public opinion, pressure groups and e-petitions are addressed and dealt with.

Strengths

Balanced Argument: You effectively explore both sides of the debate, dedicating clear paragraphs to the need for control (public services, public opinion) and the benefits of immigration.
Use of Evidence: You support your points with relevant examples, such as the post-WWII Commonwealth migration and the political impact of UKIP, which makes your arguments more concrete.
Clear Judgement: Your essay has a clear line of argument, starting with an initial viewpoint and ending with a well-supported conclusion that weighs the different factors you've discussed.

Targets

Incorporate Legal Frameworks: Your argument would be much stronger if you referred to specific laws and conventions. Mentioning the 1951 UN Refugee Convention or the Human Rights Act 1998 would add significant depth and precision.
Use Specialist Terminology: To elevate your analysis, try to use key citizenship terms. For example, when discussing the government's duty, you could mention 'parliamentary sovereignty', or when discussing human rights, 'non-refoulement'.
Develop Deeper Analysis: While you explain your points well, try to build more detailed chains of reasoning. For example, when discussing pressure on the NHS, you could link this to government spending decisions and taxation.
Refine Phrasing: Some sentences could be more formal and precise. For example, "go on all the walk, go on strike potentially" could be rephrased as "could lead to industrial action, such as strikes."

Candidate 87621

Word Count: ~244 words

Strengths

Balanced Argument: You effectively explore both sides of the argument, looking at reasons to control immigration (e.g., public service strain) and the humanitarian duties not to (e.g., international law). This is essential for reaching Level 3.
Clear Judgement: You state your overall view at the beginning and develop it into a well-reasoned, balanced conclusion, which is a key feature of high-level evaluation (AO3).
Use of Key Concepts: You correctly identify and use important concepts like the 'UN Refugee Convention' and 'social cohesion', showing good subject knowledge.

Targets

Incorporate Specific Evidence: Your arguments are logical but would be much stronger with specific evidence. For example, when discussing international law, you could also mention the Human Rights Act 1998 (Article 3) or the Supreme Court's 2023 ruling on the Rwanda policy.
Develop Points in More Depth: Expand on your points. For instance, when you say migrants fill labour gaps, you could give an example like the NHS or the agricultural sector to make your argument more concrete and persuasive.
Refine Terminology: While you use good concepts, aim for more precise legal and political language. Instead of "international roles," use terms like "international obligations" or "legal duties as a signatory to conventions."
Structure for Clarity: Be careful with paragraph structure. Your point about migrants increasing competition for jobs was an 'agree' point placed inside a 'disagree' paragraph. Try to keep each paragraph focused on one side of the argument to make your reasoning clearer.

Candidate 90217

Word Count: ~444 words

Firstly, I partially agree as the UK government should play a role in protecting its borders and managing people as it can play a huge part in the economic, social and cultural impact of migration whilst also focusing on the rights of asylum seekers and refugees under international law. On one hand, people would say that the government have has a duty to manage public services and housing capacity so if the government can't fill the public's needs, they would have to turn people away even if they are in great need of refuge as they would have to care for the 'citizens' of their country first. On the other hand, people may also argue that they should accept those who are seeking refuge as they are in need of an escape, even if it is only to an area with little to no space or capacity to care or give shelter to them. The UK's democratic accountability requires governments to respond to the publics concerns even if it goes against their moral roles. Another arguement against this statement would be the 1951 refugee convention, as it obliges the UK to protect those who are fleeing persecution, the UK have been welcoming those who are fleeing war and persecution for a long while throughout history and because of this convention that has been passed the UK can't refuse to not protect them because if they did it would be going against the law that had been passed. Another arguement against the statement of the UK government having a duty to control immigration is that migrants can contribute towards taxes more than they recieve in public services which wouldn't be deemed as just as the migrants should pay for what they get in return as they if they have a placement in a new job it won't cover enough, especially if they have a family. Secondly, another one arguement for this statement can be that uncontrolled migration can cause huge pressures on the schools, hospital and housing as there may be a sudden increase in population, so the migrants may either overfill schools or lead to fill out spaces in the schools as it may depend on the area they have migrated to. Whereas with jobs and healthcare, it is hard enough for normal british citizens to find placement in the job market as previous migrants and refugees have taken over previous spaces. Therefore it could lead to the same predicament with healthcare, either filling out pub spaces or overfilling hospitals with illness or injuries. In conclusion, my final belief would be that the government do have a duty to control immigration, even if it means turning away people who genuinely need help, but if they there is no space then they should relocate the people who can't be taken to another area so they can get the help that they need.

Strengths

Balanced Argument: You have successfully presented arguments for both sides of the debate, using phrases like "On one hand... On the other hand..." to structure your answer clearly. This is essential for a 'how far do you agree' question.
Clear Judgement: Your essay has a consistent line of argument. You state your nuanced position in the introduction ("partially agree") and build towards a decisive and justified conclusion.
Use of Specific Knowledge: Referencing the "1951 refugee convention" is excellent. Using specific legal frameworks like this adds significant weight and credibility to your arguments.

Targets

Develop Arguments with More Depth: Some points, like the strain on public services, are mentioned but could be explained in more detail. For example, *how* does it create pressure? What are the specific challenges for schools (e.g., language support) or the NHS (e.g., waiting lists)?
Incorporate More Specific Evidence: To reach the top marks, arguments need to be backed by more precise evidence. This could include statistics (e.g., from the UNHCR on asylum claim success rates), specific government policies (e.g., the Illegal Migration Act), or legal rulings (e.g., the Supreme Court's 2023 decision on the Rwanda plan).
Clarify Complex Points: The argument about taxes in your third paragraph was confusing. It started by making one point (migrants contribute more than they receive) but then seemed to contradict itself. Ensure each point is expressed clearly and logically to be fully convincing.
Use Precise Terminology: Instead of "normal british citizens," use more precise terms like "existing residents" or "the resident population." Learning and using key legal terms like 'non-refoulement' (the principle that a refugee should not be sent back to a country where they face serious threats) would also strengthen your answer.

Candidate 90628

Word Count: ~208 words

Strengths

Balanced Structure: You have effectively structured your answer by presenting a clear set of arguments for the statement, followed by a clear set of arguments against it. This shows you understand the need to address both sides of the debate.
Use of Key Concepts: You correctly identified and used important Citizenship concepts, including the 'social contract', 'state legitimacy', and, crucially, the '1951 Refugee Convention'. This demonstrates good subject knowledge.
Clear Argumentation: Within each section, your points are logical and easy to follow. For example, you clearly link uncontrolled migration to a strain on public services like the NHS and housing.

Targets

Add a Supported Conclusion: To move beyond Level 2, you MUST include a concluding paragraph. This should weigh up the arguments you have made, decide which side is stronger, and explain 'how far' you agree with the statement, justifying your final position.
Develop Points with Specific Evidence: Your points are good, but they could be stronger. For example, when mentioning humanitarian duties, you could also refer to the Human Rights Act 1998 (Article 2 & 3) or the Supreme Court's 2023 ruling on the Rwanda policy to make your argument more convincing.
Use More Evaluative Language: You used "Conversely" well to switch sides. Try to use more evaluative language throughout your essay to compare the importance of different points, for example: "A more significant argument is..." or "While protecting borders is important, it is arguably less critical than...".
Check Key Terminology: Be careful with the spelling of key terms to ensure your answer is as precise as possible. For example, the correct spellings are 'loses' (not 'louses'), 'integrity' (not 'intregraty'), and 'asylum' (not 'assylum').

Candidate 91067

Word Count: ~464 words

I'm in the middle of this because yes immigration can have a negative but also a positive. Although many have stereotypes about people who are immigrated here. are normally gang people there are also good things about them as we learn about different people's cultures. Some people would agree to this because if the UK gets too full that means its harder to find jobs and homes but also it would make the government spend more or increase taxes which can have a negative impact on everyone. So it should be done so people would get as of beaten for their jobs as maybe someone who just migrated is doing better at them in the job which worries them. However some would say no, why send people who cannot enjoy because employment rises and start a business which can also help everyone but people can also learn new things yes the government has a duty to, but there's a reason why we have refugee camps. So we can help but also figure out where they go. How would they like it if they wanted to move to a different country but because of the way people think they would have to go back and suffer. However someone may disagree with that and say there are other countries richer eg USA, China, Russia why would you want to move to a place where stabbings, shooting, killing is being uncontrolled that some people are getting into crimes or wars they can't get them say out of. Also majority of the time people who migrate don't speak the langue so how you money to survive so they are forced they are either held as captive as something or induced into to it and made to seem like those actions are good. Or they borrow money from the wrong person and end up in a position where its life threatening. So yes sometimes turning away people shouldn't always been seen as a negative be seen as a central variable. On the other hand some people move to a dangerous country to get away from war, conflict, rape or even worse. So why put people endanger and risk people's life. People may sneer in head of how desperate they are to find shelter try to get out of what could kill them. How could people see them be so uncareful and not think of others and see they need help is how things that makes us so Great as how a government, a Parliament voting systems, how we abied by who wouldn't want to be in the country to try be safe themselves. But I genuinely have mix emotions as sometimes immigration can pull people down as a whole but can improve our live standards eg Chinese restaurants or which to enharnish people's culture which the government would like. Without them things like that would be a thing. However it also can increase employment rate and can make population so highly that it can be bad for the government.

Strengths

Balanced Argument: You have successfully structured your answer to consider both sides of the argument, which is essential for a 'How far do you agree?' question.
Clear Judgement: You state your own "mixed emotions" and attempt to weigh the different arguments in your introduction and conclusion, which is a key feature of evaluation (AO3).
Relevant Points: You raise relevant issues like the impact on jobs and housing, cultural enrichment (e.g., Chinese restaurants), and the moral duty to help those fleeing war and conflict.

Targets

Use Specific Evidence: Your arguments are currently based on general ideas. To reach the higher levels, you must include specific evidence. For example, name the 1951 UN Refugee Convention when discussing our duty to help, or the Human Rights Act 1998 when talking about protecting lives.
Develop Your Points (PEEL): Try to structure your paragraphs using the Point, Evidence, Explain, Link (PEEL) method. Make a clear point (e.g., immigration strains public services), provide evidence (e.g., mention pressures on the NHS), and explain *how* this supports your argument.
Use Precise Terminology: Instead of saying "people who are immigrated here," use terms like 'immigrants', 'asylum seekers', or 'refugees'. Using precise language like 'sovereignty' or 'public services' will make your arguments more academic and convincing.
Refine Clarity of Expression: Some sentences are difficult to understand (e.g., "people would get as of beaten for their jobs"). Read your work aloud to check that it flows clearly and makes sense. This will help you communicate your good ideas more effectively.

Candidate 98726

Word Count: ~400 words

One may agree with this point as uncontrolled immigration can put stress on government departments and public services such as the NHS or education. If net migration is too high then these services will have too many people to provide for, this may encourage behaviour such as worker strikes, negatively impacting the countries economy and overall quality of life. If too much stress is put on departments such as the NHS then these services will slow down in productivity, potentially harming people or leading to loss of life. Immigrants will also commonly bring their children into the country or have children whilst in the country. This has a big impact on schools and the education sector who will have to accomodate for these children. However, one may disagree with this as immigrants also contribute massively to the tax money recieved by the government. This tax can be used to fund public services such as the NHS and education, mitigating the increased stress that an increased amount of people can bring. This extra taxation can also be used to increase quality of life within the UK as a whole, providing a larger budget for government spending on major issues. Another reason one may agree with this point is because the government has a democratic responsibility to look into the interests of the public. If immigration becomes a widespread public concern then the government would be inclined to enforce policies controlling immigration in order to retain their public image. Another example of this is if a party promises to create policies to control immigration within their manifesto. After winning an election the party would be obligated to fulfil this promise in the interest of getting re-elected. However, one may disagree with this as due to the 1951 refugee convention, the UK is obliged to protect immigrants escaping from genuine danger such as war or fammine. The UK also has a good record of accepting refugees from dangerous areas. In doing so the UK can also build a better reputation, encouraging other countries to help us in our time of need & establishing better relationships between countries, potentially benefiting the UK in later trade or conflict. Overall, I am more inclined to disagree with the point as despite immigration possibly leading to increased stress on services, immigration also provides noticeable upsides such as an increasing proportion of tax money and more people to work specialist jobs. Alongside this it also stands in line with the UK's key values and can help to establish future connections with other countries that we have accepted refugees from.

Strengths

Balanced Argument: You effectively explore both sides of the immigration debate, which is essential for a high-level response. You structured your paragraphs well, often presenting a point and its direct counter-argument.
Clear Judgement: Your conclusion provides a clear and well-supported judgement. You weigh the arguments you've made ("despite... immigration also provides...") to justify your final position.
Good Use of Concepts: You correctly identify key citizenship concepts, such as the government's 'democratic responsibility' (linking it to manifestos) and the UK's obligations under the '1951 refugee convention'.

Targets

Incorporate Specific Evidence: To reach the top level, you need to substantiate your points with precise evidence. For legal duties, you could name the Human Rights Act 1998 or specific articles like Article 3 (freedom from torture). For government policy, you could mention the Rwanda deportation scheme and the Supreme Court's ruling on it.
Develop Deeper Analysis: Push your analysis further. For example, when you say immigration puts stress on the NHS, you could also analyse how many immigrants work *in* the NHS, creating a more nuanced point. This shows a deeper understanding of the complexity of the issue.
Use Precise Terminology: Elevate your academic language. Instead of "build a better reputation," you could refer to the UK's 'soft power' or 'international standing'. Instead of "a big impact on schools," you could use terms like "increased demand for EAL (English as an Additional Language) support."
Refine Sentence Structure: Some sentences are a little long or awkwardly phrased. For example, "immigrants also contribute massively to the tax money recieved by the government" could be more concise: "immigrants are also significant net contributors through taxation."

Overall Class Weaknesses & Models

1. Lack of Specific Evidence: Most students made general claims without backing them up with named laws, policies, or real-world examples. This meant arguments lacked authority and were unconvincing.
👉 Model: For example, the age of criminal responsibility in England and Wales is set at 10 years old by the Children and Young Persons Act 1963, which is significantly lower than in many other European countries.
2. Undeveloped Arguments: Students frequently stated a point (e.g., "immigration puts pressure on services") but did not explain the 'how' or 'why'. This lack of a developed chain of reasoning prevented them from showing deeper analytical thinking.
👉 Model: Setting a low age of criminal responsibility at 10 means that a child can be prosecuted for a crime, which has profound implications for their future educational and employment prospects, potentially leading to a cycle of reoffending.
3. Imprecise Terminology: There was an over-reliance on informal or vague language (e.g., "the right thing to do," "bad for the country") instead of precise, subject-specific vocabulary that demonstrates expert understanding.
👉 Model: Instead of simply stating a child is 'too young to be a criminal', a stronger argument would discuss the concept of doli incapax, the presumption that a child is incapable of forming criminal intent.
4. Weak Judgement: Conclusions often repeated earlier points, were contradictory, or were missing entirely. They failed to weigh the competing arguments to arrive at a justified final decision that directly answered the "How far do you agree?" question.
👉 Model: On balance, while the need to hold individuals accountable for their actions is important, this is outweighed by overwhelming neurological evidence on child brain development, suggesting the current age of criminal responsibility is too low and fails to prioritise rehabilitation.

Teacher Next Steps

1. Evidence Hunt Drill: Give students three general statements on a new topic (e.g., "The police have too much power"). In pairs, they have 5 minutes to find one specific piece of evidence (a law, a statistic, a case study) for each statement. The goal is to move from general claims to specific, factual support.
2. The 'Why?' Chain Drill: Put a simple argument on the board (e.g., "Voting age should be lowered to 16"). Ask a student to explain it. Then ask the next student "Why does that matter?" and the next "What is the consequence of that?". Continue the chain 4-5 times to model how to build a deep and logical chain of reasoning from a single point.
3. Terminology Translator: Provide a short, simple paragraph on the essay topic. In pairs, students have 7 minutes to 'upgrade' it by swapping out informal phrases for precise Citizenship vocabulary from a pre-prepared word bank (e.g., change "people who need help" to "asylum seekers"; "government's right to choose" to "parliamentary sovereignty"; "rule not to send people back" to "principle of non-refoulement").
4. Judgement Scales: Present a new essay question. Give students two competing arguments, one for and one against. They must write a single concluding sentence that weighs these two points and reaches a justified judgement, using phrases like "Although...", "While this is a valid concern, it is outweighed by..." or "Despite the significance of...".

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Model Answer (Exemplar)

📋 The Question & Indicative Content

📌 Indicative Content — arguments you could have used

✅ Arguments FOR the statement (control borders even if turning people away)

❌ Arguments AGAINST the statement (do not turn away those in genuine need)

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Overall Class Weaknesses & Models

Teacher Next Steps